Everything is born from Teorema de Nernst, also known as the third Thermodynamic principlea, an experimental observation of the year 1905 that indicates that “Entropy exchanges tend to zero as temperature tends to absolute zero (-273 ° C)”which has been related to the second principle of thermodynamics in an investigation published in The European Physical Journal Plus, and whose author is José Martín-Galla, Professor of the University of Seville.
According to the II principle of thermodynamics, The entropy of an isolated system tends to increase over time. Something that would also apply to our universe. In this way, with this new study, a problem of 120 years would be solved and a theory of Albert Einstein.
Einstein was not right: a study solves a problem of 120 years ago and forces to review the laws of thermodynamics
The Nernst Theorem problem arose last century while studying the general properties of matter at temperatures close to absolute zero (-273 ° C). For Nerst, absolute zero was inaccessiblebecause if it were not so, an engine that used that absolute zero as a refrigerant could be built, turning the heat into work and contradicting the principle of increasing entropy.
Einstein, then, tried to refute his theory, but without taking into account the second principle of thermodynamics, looking at a third principle, therefore, this new article that relates the above, I would refute Einstein again.
What proposes Professor Martín-Olalla
According to him, two data omitted by both scientists must be taken into account: the formalism of the second principle of thermodynamics, that is, the existence of the machine imagined by Nernst; and that the machine is virtual, so that It does not consume heat, does not produce work and does not question the second principle of thermodynamics.
These two ideas together lead to say that Entropy exchanges tend to zero when the temperature tends to zero and that absolute zero is inaccessible: “A fundamental problem in thermodynamics is to distinguish the sensation of temperature, the sensations of heat and cold, of the abstract temperature concept as physical magnitude. In the discussion between Nernst and Einstein, the temperature was simply an empirical parameter: the condition of absolute zero was represented by the condition that the pressure or the volume of a gas was approaching zero,” says Martín-Olalla.
“The second principle contains the idea that entropy is unique in absolute zero. The cancellation of specific heats only adds that this unique value is zero. It seems more an important appendix than a new principle, ”he says.
“The students of the thermodynamic course that I teach were the first to know this demonstration. I hope that with this publication it will be made better, but I know that the academic world has a lot of inertia, ”he says.
